Scientific Process Project

Authors Note: This is my Scientific Process Project. You might have been apart of it, this is the project we tried to scare people. Enjoy our results.

Problem: Does screaming effect your heart rate more than jumping when scared?

Hypothesis: Screaming takes a lot of energy and if all you do is jump backward when you get scared most of the energy created by your heart is stored and increases your heart rate dramatically, but when you scream you release most of that stored energy so that would still increase your heart rate but less than if you jumped.

Experiment

Materials

-       Scary noise of some sort

-       3 or more masks

-       Blindfold

-       Different room

-       Rolling chair

-       Clean-up materials

Procedure

1.    Put blindfold on

2.    Roll chair to different room

3.    Test heart rate

4.    Scare the test subject

5.    Test heart rate

6.    Repeat with different test subject at least two times

7.    Clean up

Variables

CV – The scare, the scream, the jumps, heart rate tests

IV – how test subjects react, how test subjects heart rate is

DV – scream or jump

Control – the average persons heart rate

Observation

Kendall

Going to chair – 56 per minute

Going into room – 60 per minute

Scary sound – 54 per minute

SCARE – 62 per minute

Jeremy

Going to chair -  62 per minute

Going into room – 68 per minute

Scary sound – 64 per minute

SCARE –68 per minute

Michael

Gong to chair- 84 per minute

Going into room – 66 per minute

Scary sound – 100 per minute

SCARE –  78 per minute

Alex G

Going to chair – 84 per minute

Going into room – 68 per minute

Scary noise – 90 per minutes

SCARE – 70 per minute

Kevin D

Going to chair – 72 per minute

Going into room – 56 per minute

Scary noise – 56 per minute

SCARE – 70 per minute

Carson

Going to chair- 60 per minute

Going into room- 42 per minute

Scary noise- 46 per minute

SCARE- 60 per minute

Sam S.

Going to chair – 58 per minute

Going into room – 48 per minute

Scary noise –64 per minute

SCARE – 76 per minute

Conclusion

The people who screamed had a slower heart rate than the people who jumped instead, this is because screaming gives of a lot of energy so your heart rate will fall because all the energy you gave your heart by being scared cased it to speed up and when you screamed you released most, all, or even more than all the energy you gained, this causes you to lose the speed of your heart rate. If you didn’t scream you kept all the energy in side and your heart never slowed down but it speed up instead. 

How Baseball Started

Authors note: This is my PowerPoint on how Baseball started. I really like baseball so I decided to do a project on it. Enjoy!

How baseball started

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Space junk - The Falling Satellite

Authors note: This is my project on orbits and satellites. I thought it would be a cool subject to research. I hope you like.

 Satellites orbit the earth, we all know that, but how and what causes them to fall? How do they get up into space anyway? Some satellites fall due to decay and lack of maintenance, but there are many other reasons satellites fall. Sometimes orbits decay and satellites can’t stay up in space anymore, maybe the satellite was orbiting too low or too high and was pushed back to earth or lost in space.

There are tons of satellites orbiting earth, but what is an orbit and how do objects stay in orbit? An orbit is when an object, like a meteor, shoots past an object with a much larger mass, like a planet, and is pulled in to the planet’s atmosphere, and instead of continuing on it starts to move around the planet using it own momentum. This is caused because of the perfect balance between the forward motion of a body and the pull of gravity from another body in space. The forward motion of the orbiting object will keep it orbiting from millions of years.

Satellites start an orbit different than a moon, and it stays in orbit for a different reason.  Satellites get up into space using a rocket and is than dropped off in one exact spot and it starts drifting off until the suction of space and the gravity of earth keep it moving around earth for as long as it needs or its orbit decays or something like that. That’s how a low earth altitude satellite starts an orbit, a high earth altitude starts the same way but doesn’t orbit it stays in one exact spot, and can last millions of years.

We all know that there are a lot of satellites orbiting earth, but how many are there? Right now there are over 3,000 satellites orbiting around earth each with a different reason, but there are over 8,000 man-made objects orbiting earth. There are so many satellites it may be hard to believe but there has been only one collision of satellites in 1996. A French satellite collided with debris from a satellite they launched. If any collisions happen, they happen in low earth altitude earth orbits. In High earth altitude orbits satellites orbit one spot and stay in that spot, so it is very unlikely for a collision in high earth orbits.

Orbits can be destroyed but how does it happen? It’s called orbital decay and there are three different forms of it: gravitational radiation, tidal effects and atmospheric drag. Gravitational Radiation happens when two objects orbit each other the combined effect of the space time curvature of the moving objects produces gravitational waves which carry away orbital energy.  Tidal effects happen when an object is large enough to cause a tidal bulge on the body it is orbiting this takes momentum from the orbiting object thus lowering the object until frictional effects come into play. Atmospheric drag happens during solar maxima (The greatest solar activity of the solar cycle) this causes drag up, to the earth's atmosphere, to a hundred kilometers higher that the solar minima, this causes satellites to be lower than normal so they may start descend back to earth.

Earth has so many satellites and other stuff orbiting earth and some of it is just junk from satellites. We are running out of space in space. Some of the satellites aren't even in use. Every new satellite we send into space increases chances of satellites colliding. Our atmosphere is now so crowded we can’t afford to send anything else into space, it too risky now.  We should just hope nothing will go wrong before we are ready.